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The philosophical language used in Advaita Vedanta refers to examples and metaphors that we cannot relate to in today's world. However, when we try to understand the same concepts in today's language then a lot of points being said in those texts makes sense. For example, the classical example used in most of ancient texts to explain illusion is that of mistaking a rope with a snake in the dark, or the concept of mirage in desert. However, extrapolating the same to the idea of an illusory universe is impossible to grasp. Instead, if we try to understand the concepts with the current understanding of biology that every student goes through in their class 10 exams, then one can understand the illusory nature of the vision system that we all have. There are many levels of illusions that we now understand through the language of modern science. There is the illusory system created by our brains based on sensory input from the outer world Then there is the illusion of a deterministic world while we now know that both life (through random mutations) and the universe in its most elemental form (quantum world) is probabilistic in nature. We have the illusion of free will, while as biological entities most of the free will is again an illusion There are layers and layers of illusion. The proverbial Maya is a tough nut to crack.

Wednesday 26 April 2023

Chapter 3: Reality of the external world

 

We now know that sensations and experiences are nothing but codes that our brain creates to identify distinct and relevant interactions that our bodies have with external objects.

The brain thus creates a virtual reality environment with sensations and experiences as codes stored for all types of relevant interactions that we have with the outside world. So, what we perceive as reality is a façade that the brain creates for us to navigate in the world and survive in it with minimum efforts. Let us dwell on this point a bit more to sink in its import.

Consider a smartphone with different icons on its screen (e.g., the WhatsApp icon). The icon opens to an interactive environment where we can easily and intuitively message something important to a group of friends (staying with the WhatsApp application). We can easily do that because the user interface hides all the complexities of the world inside the software and the hardware of the device. Just imagine how difficult it would be for anyone to type a message by controlling the voltage and current parameters of the ICs inside the device. Reality of the system is not the user interface but voltage and current fluctuations across the VLSI circuits inside the hardware of the device.

Similarly, our brains give us a facade of sensations and experiences using which we go about doing our normal activities in this world. The façade of sensations and experience do not capture the reality of the external objects. Instead, they hide the complexities of the external world. The more we try to understand the reality of this universe through our sensory perceptions, the farther away we go from the true nature of that reality. Well, the above statement is not completely true because we are able to capture some aspects of that reality during our interactions with the external world, but a large part of that reality is designed to be hidden.

Pragmatists say that we will believe only what we see, but the truth is that at best what we see is only an anthropomorphic assessment of the reality. It is not the reality.

If what we perceive with our sensory apparatus is not the reality, then what is the reality of the external world that we dwell on?

We understood the motion of objects as we perceive them and interact with them. This is the realm of Newtonian physics. Once we look deeper into the reality of the objects in the Newtonian realm, we realise that these objects are a conglomeration of a vast number of molecules held together tightly and perceived as a single entity. Peek further in, and we understand that molecules themselves are build-up of atoms. The atoms are further constructed by subatomic particles using the laws of quantum physics, a realm so far away from our perception of reality that it is an alien world. We cannot relate to it with anything in our arsenal of sensory perceptions. The laws here are completely counter intuitive to our day-to-day experiences.

The question of the reality of objects does not however end here. One still asks what these subatomic particles are and how do they interact with each other to construct the atoms and the molecules. The answer is said to be given by the quantum field theory where everything is said to be a wave and particles are entities created by the interactions of these waves with each other. Is that the final answer to the question of what is the reality of an object? No and the quest goes on.

So, we don’t know the complete reality of the external world, at least not yet. Our sensory perceptions, which do not capture the true reality of the external objects are however good enough for us to navigate in the world that we live in, survive, and procreate. From the evolutionary perspective, this is all that matters but the fact remains that our experiences are hiding the truth and telling us only a story, a fantastic story but a story none the less.

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