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The philosophical language used in Advaita Vedanta refers to examples and metaphors that we cannot relate to in today's world. However, when we try to understand the same concepts in today's language then a lot of points being said in those texts makes sense. For example, the classical example used in most of ancient texts to explain illusion is that of mistaking a rope with a snake in the dark, or the concept of mirage in desert. However, extrapolating the same to the idea of an illusory universe is impossible to grasp. Instead, if we try to understand the concepts with the current understanding of biology that every student goes through in their class 10 exams, then one can understand the illusory nature of the vision system that we all have. There are many levels of illusions that we now understand through the language of modern science. There is the illusory system created by our brains based on sensory input from the outer world Then there is the illusion of a deterministic world while we now know that both life (through random mutations) and the universe in its most elemental form (quantum world) is probabilistic in nature. We have the illusion of free will, while as biological entities most of the free will is again an illusion There are layers and layers of illusion. The proverbial Maya is a tough nut to crack.

Monday, 24 April 2023

Chapter 1: Anatomy of an Experience

 

‘The task is not so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to think what nobody has yet thought, about which everybody has seen.

ERWIN SCHRODINGER

 

Let me start with colour of a rose because that is where this whole thought process started.

It is now clear that colour of a rose, or for that matter any object, is an experience created in our minds. Objects don’t have colour. The proverbial red rose is colourless. Let us see why.

When we look at a non-luminous object, electromagnetic waves (EM) reflect from its outer surface and gets into our eyes, falling on our retinas. From the retinas, electrical impulses shoot through our optic nerves and reaches the occipital lobes of our brains where the experience of vision is created. Exactly how our brain creates the experience of vision is still not clear, though neuroscience research has reached the stage where one can start mapping this experience to the triggering of specific sets of neurons in our brains[1].

Thus, seeing an object is nothing more than triggering of specific neurons inside our brains, initiated by the interactions between the EM waves and our eyes.

Our brain has been designed through the evolutionary process to focus only on how our bodies interact with external objects (for vision, it is interaction with EM waves). It is not designed to understand the reality of those external objects. It makes more survival sense to know how big and far away an object is from us than to know the number of molecules it is made up off. It is this relentless focus on the quality of our interactions with external objects that has helped us navigate in this world and survive as a species.

Our brain is thus programmed to identify different types of interactions that our bodies have with external objects. It stores these interactions in the form of experiences, which are nothing but codes that the brain creates to identify these interactions. All sensory experiences are essentially codes that the brain creates and stores in memory for future reference.

Continuing with our example of the experience of vision, during vision our brain creates and stores code for broadly two types of information associated with the EM wave 1) frequency of the EM wave 2) relative distance between the point of reflection and our eyes

 

Notes

[1] Vision creation is a very elaborate process. It involves thirty or more areas of the brain each focusing on a slightly different aspect of creation of the visual perception. For example, damage to an area called V4 makes a person colour blind while damage to the area called MT (mid temporal) makes a person motion blind

 

Frequency of the EM wave reaching our eyes is associated with the sensation of colour. Our brain has distinct colour codes (e.g. RED colour) for the visible spectrum of the EM Waves. Thus, colour is a code that our brain associates with the frequency of the EM wave reaching our eyes and since the EM wave originates from a point on the surface of an object, our brain associates that point on the object with this EM wave and its colour code. This is how we experience the colour of an object[2].

Since the EM waves have very small wavelengths, compared to the external objects, our brain can resolve small differences in distance between different points on the surface of the objects being viewed from our eyes. It allows the brain to create a view of the shape of the object and its relative distance from other objects in the field of vision. Our brain stores this spatial view of the external objects as the code for sight (it is a complex combination of codes for object shapes, colour, and spatial distances between objects).

Like colour and shape, external objects don’t have the property of smell. Odour is also a sensation created inside our brains. The sensation of odour corresponds to specific olfactory codes that our brain creates to identify the chemicals that reaches our nose.

Similar process is adopted for the sensations of taste, touch, and sound.

The brain also creates the sensation of pain when an external object hits us causing damage to our skins. In the case of pain however, the brain is interested in the location of the body where the damage has occurred.

Our brains can create and store in memory a group of sensations (read codes) for a given event to form an experience. For example, we get the sensations of vision, sound, and pain when a stone hits us.  This complex array of sensations (codes) grouped together and stored in memory can tell us in future to avoid a moving stone coming our way. The multi-dimensional nature of our experience of an event is what has helped us navigate and survive on earth.

Since the sensation of pain is associated with damage in some form of our material body, it is not limited to damage due to external objects only, it can also be created if there is damage inside our bodies. Sensation of pain inside body is normally not associated with any other form of sensation (code) like vision, sound, or smell. Spatial location and intensity of the pain is all that the brain is interested in for internal damages and it has separate codes for each of these features of the experience.

To conclude, sensations or experiences are nothing but codes that our brain creates to identify distinct interactions that our bodies have with external objects.

 

Notes

[2] Perception of colour is an involved process in our brains, involving cones in retina to activation of an area in the brain called V4

 

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